Matthew 5:(20), 21-37
Righteousness which
Exceeds
"Unless
your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never
enter the kingdom of heaven."
I could have
stuck with the assigned verses for today and not read this verse. To my defense, it used to be included in the
appointed verses for Epiphany 6, which means that several of the study resources
I use speak of this verse as the one that gives meaning to those which
follow. Jesus is speaking of
“righteousness” when he addresses murder and insults and adultery. Still, this is a difficult verse. And if you were in worship last week, you
have now been subjected to it twice.
This verse, the first I read for you this morning, was the last to be
read to you last week.
"Unless
your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never
enter the kingdom of heaven."
The verse is
tough. It is difficult to hear. And maybe
worst of all, it sets up salvation as competition. It calls upon us to set our mind upon comparing
ourselves to those around us. A control
group is identified and instructions given that unless our righteousness
exceeds theirs, we are left without any hope of entering that illustrious kingdom.
I recall, as a
young boy, sitting in the church trying to decide who was actually going to
make it into heaven. I had remembered
the bible verse which states that few are chosen. My teachers had read to me Jesus' warnings
that the path is narrow and easily abandoned.
There was even that strange reference in Revelation which I understood
to give an exact number of those who would be saved. The number was finite. It was therefore necessary for me to consider
my chances given what I knew about those who sat around me.
"Unless
your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never
enter the kingdom of heaven."
Don't forget
who those "scribes and Pharisees" were. Their distinction arose out of their
adherence to the letter of the law. The
scribes were the scholars, the learned individuals who read through the ancient
texts and identified every single instruction that Yahweh had ever given. Even after eliminating the repetition, there
remain over 800 laws and ordinances which had been identified by these scribes.
The scribes
were those who kept the list. They were
the scholars who studied and wrote and taught what was contained in the scriptures.
The Pharisees
were those lived according to the laws which the scribes found. They were committed individuals, zealous in
their attempts to obey each of the laws.
They became model citizens and active church members. They were continually examining themselves
and striving to make sure they never broke a single one of the stated
laws. They lived lives which approached
flawlessness. They were about as close
to perfect as you could ever be.
This is the
control group. These are the individuals
against whom Jesus says we must compare our righteousness. Our righteousness is to exceed that of the
scribes and Pharisees if we are to enter the kingdom of heaven. No wonder our chins drop upon hearing these
words.
How are we ever
going to manage? We have a difficult
time even remembering the Ten Commandments.
It is a real challenge to obey those we do remember. What about the 790 or so additional laws
which the scribe studied and the Pharisee obeyed? If this doesn't present us with enough of a
challenge, we only need look at the rest of today's gospel reading were Jesus
seems to be adding additional laws and requirements. What are we to do? If our righteousness must exceed that of the
scribes and Pharisees, it looks like we won't be seeing each other in the
sweet-by-and-by.
The key to
understanding what Jesus is saying lies in his use of the word "righteousness"
and in the style of his directives on murder, adultery, divorce and bearing
false witness. Putting these together
and remembering that this whole passage is part of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount,
we begin to understand that his talk of a righteousness which EXCEEDS has to
do with a righteousness born of God and not from our own ability to obey.
On the feast
day of the Baptism of our Lord, we read from John. You didn’t get to hear John’s accounting of
Jesus’ baptism. In Matthew 3, when Jesus
comes to be baptized by John, John tries to prevent him. John points out that Jesus is the spiritually
pure one, the one who is the Child of God, so he should be baptizing John, not
John baptizing him. Many of us do
struggle to understand why Jesus would receive John's baptism, a baptism of
repentance, when Jesus had never committed a sin.
But John
finally gives in and baptizes Jesus. He
does so when Jesus says to him, "let it be so now; for it is proper for us in this way to
fulfill all righteousness."
“Righteousness.”
In the
scriptures, there are differing uses of the word
"righteousness." In the New
Testament there are at least three.
First,
righteousness is sometimes spoken of as those actions which bring about an
increase of justice. These would be good
deeds, done to the benefit of God and neighbor.
Obeying the Ten Commandments and all those other laws discovered by the
scribes would fall into this type of righteousness. It is the righteousness which represents our
adherence to the word and law of God. This
is most likely the understanding of righteousness which, when it comes to mind,
fills us with thoughts of inadequacy.
A second use of
the word righteousness falls into the category of legal language. It is the prerogative of the judge to declare
one "righteous." No evidence
or testimony is necessary, the judge simply has the right to declare one as
righteous and this becomes their status before the law. St. Paul insists that this "decree of
righteous" is handed out by God to all those who call upon the name of
Jesus.
But there
remains this third use of the concept of "righteousness." Unlike the other two, this righteousness has
nothing to do with us or our actions.
This righteousness only involves God.
God alone IS righteous. God
possesses righteousness. It is that
characteristic or trait which makes God - God.
Righteousness in this sense is categorically different from any righteousness
which we could ever achieve or be granted.
It is this
"righteousness of God" which concerns St. Matthew. In writing his gospel story, Matthew hinges
the whole event upon God's righteousness.
He repeatedly illustrates the inadequacy of our own attempts at
righteousness. In our gospel lesson for
today, Jesus tells us that unless our righteousness exceeds that of the scribes
and Pharisees we will never enter the kingdom of heaven. He then goes on to illustrate why the
"righteousness" of the scribes and Pharisees is worthless.
Perhaps one
could be successful in abiding by the ancient law, "You shall not
murder." But who is capable of
living according to the intent of that law?
Jesus reminds us that the law is more than a prohibition upon the taking
of another's life. It also places
constrains upon our anger and insults.
Maybe we can avoid adultery - if by that we only mean certain limited
actions. But who is capable of
preventing their eye from wondering?
Jesus
illustrates that the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees is worthless
because you can never legislate away all transgressions of God's law. The level of righteousness which God desires
can never be achieved through our acts of justice. The righteousness which exceeds that of the
scribes and Pharisees is the righteousness of God. It is the righteousness given to us in
Jesus.
The gospel
story, the good news of God's anointed Messiah, begins and ends with this
outpouring of God's righteousness. It is
freely offered to us so that we might possess it and live in its comfort. As Christians, we gather to sing praises to
the God who has done this marvelous and wonderful thing. Far be it from us to cheapen God's action by
allowing our obedience to take center stage.
I tell you,
unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, unless it
is the righteousness granted to you by God, you will never even recognize the
kingdom over which Jesus reigns.
That kingdom,
the one over which Jesus reigns, is marked by a grace filled understanding of
the goodness and the invitation of God’s righteousness.
Amen.