Matthew 20:1-16
Equal Pay for Unequal Work
I have never been in a position to negotiate
for salaries for a large group of people.
But I am pretty sure that those asked to perform such a task, are
expected to be more knowledgeable about wage distribution and cost of living
than Christian scriptures. Would you
want your representative to have spent their weekend brushing up on labor
contract, or sitting in worship listening to this Gospel text?
How would like your next contract to be
hammered out by someone who had taken to heart Jesus’ words: "Take what
belongs to you and go. Am I not allowed to do what I choose with what belongs
to me?"
Interesting thought at least, isn't it?
Of course the point Jesus is making in
the parable is quite different. He isn't
talking about labor practices at all. He
uses an example which his audience would have understood in order help them
realize something they don't understand.
He uses this story as a means for illustrating God's abundant grace. He uses this story in order to illustrate our
inability to comprehend the depth of God's grace.
The owner of the vineyard turns to the
laborers and asks them, "Do you begrudge my generosity?" He
speaks the voice of God as he asks, "Am I not allowed to do as I choose
with what belongs to me?" And we realize that Jesus isn't talking
about a few denarii. He is talking about
salvation - about the gift which is God's - and God's prerogative to bestow it
in any manner God so chooses.
Look at the parable with me again. The way in which the story is beautifully
crafted helps us to understand Jesus' point.
Some of the fine points are subtle and must be gleaned for meaning.
The householder goes out early in the
morning to hire laborers for his vineyard.
While the opening verses don't tell us, we can assume he has gone to the
market place. Those without permanent jobs
would come to the market and there await the opportunity to work. He finds a group of them and sets about the
task of agreeing upon an appropriate wage.
After they agree to a denarius a day, they are sent into the vineyard.
The owner of the vineyard goes back to
the market at 9:00, encounters another group of workers, and agrees to hire
them. This time there is no final settlement on what they are to be paid. He only promises to pay them what is
right. He goes back to the market place
at noon and again at 3:00. We get few details
but we can assume it follows the pattern established at 9:00. He makes one more trip to the market, at
5:00, and finds other workers, standing idle.
Upon questioning them, he finds no one has offered them work, so he
sends them into the vineyard.
And how good it was, to be asked to come
and work. They had gone out to the
market, early in the morning, in the hopes of being asked to work. These laborers lived in a world that had
never heard of unemployment checks. Their only hope of providing for their
families was if they were to be hired on, as laborers, by some landowner. They had every right to expect their pay,
they earned it. But they could never forget
that the opportunity to work was itself a gift.
To be hired by an honest landowner, by someone who agreed ahead of time to
pay the going wage, a denarius a day, was truly a blessing. The invitation to
work in such a vineyard provided the needed assurance that their family would
have what it needed. They would have
been happy. Being paid a denarius a day
should have made them content. But then
something happens that they do not expect.
Their joy, at being asked to work this day is disrupted.
The story is very careful. The householder instructs the steward on the
method to be used for paying the workers.
'Call those who were hired last
and pay them first. Work your way up to
the first who were hired.' If he had
paid the workers in the order in which they were hired, no one would have known
what he had planned and everyone would have gone home happy: those who worked one hour because they got
paid a lot for a little bit of work, those who worked all day because they had
gotten the wage agreed to. It is as if
the householder wanted them to see, as if he were trying to tease or test
them. It's as if the master is
deliberately trying to goad them into exposing their inability to understand.
When they protest, he rebuffs them
easily. “Friend, I am doing you no
wrong; did you not agree with me for a denarius? ... I choose to give to this last
as I give to you. Am I not allowed to do
what I choose with what belongs to me?"
The laborers did not understand their
master. He was not concerned about
treating his workers justly or equally.
His attitude toward them was marked not with fairness but with
grace. His ways are not their ways and
he deliberately sets it all up so as to expose just how true this is.
And let’s not forget that Jesus isn't
talking about a few denarii. He is
talking about salvation - about the gift which is God's - and God's
prerogative to bestow it in any manner God so chooses.
It would be difficult enough to accept if Jesus were to stop there. We would find it tough enough if Jesus were
merely making it clear that no one should expect special treatment in the Kingdom
of heaven. If this were all that Jesus
is saying, it would be tough enough. But
there is more.
See that last line of verse 15. The one our translation gives as "Do
you begrudge my generosity?" A more literal translation would read, "Is
your eye evil because I am generous?" The usage here is similar to Matthew
6.23 where Jesus instructs us, "The lamp of the body is the eye...if your
eye is bad, your whole body will be in darkness." The eye not only serves as a window to the
heart which lies within, it is also the organ which determines whether the
light will pass through and illuminate the soul.
An "evil eye" looks to the darkness
and does not allow the light access to the soul. The laborers possessed such an "evil eye." This evil organ had become so attached to the
darkness that it would not allow any light to shine through. Thus, they could not see their master's acts
as gracious; they could only express outrage at the way they were treated.
Jesus tells us that God's ways are not
our ways. He also warns us that
sometimes our eye becomes so evil we can never comprehend the difference and come
to appreciate the approach which is God's.
We are lost, not merely because our heart lives in darkness but also
because our eye has become so clouded that no light can penetrate to our soul.
Jesus isn't talking about a few denarii. He is talking about salvation - about the
gift which is God's - and God's prerogative to bestow it in any manner God so
chooses. He reminds us we don't get to
decide who gets this opportunity and how much each should receive. It is God's gift, and if God chooses to be reckless
in spreading it around, then what are we to say?
"Friend," the master begins,
"you have been done no wrong. Be grateful
for the fact that you have been invited to come to the vineyard. You have been promised a fair wage, all that
you will need to provide for yourself and for your family. Don't let the evilness of your eye shut out
the light of my grace."
Jesus isn't talking about a few denarii. He is talking about salvation - about the
gift which is God's - and God's prerogative is to bestow it in any manner God
so chooses.
Amen.